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J2EE Platform & Application
J2EE Platform is an environment that provides facilities for developing, deploying and running enterprise J2EE applications.
It contains set of services, APIs & deployment specifications.
J2EE Application is any J2EE unit/module that can be deployed onto J2EE platform. A single application might also be composed of group of J2EE modules/units and may be distributed across multiple tiers (layers).
Each unit must contain one or more components & a deployment descriptor.
A deployment descriptor is a xml file that contains information about deployment of various pieces of the module. Typically, a tool is involved to deploy the module by reading the descriptor. As long as the application & the descriptor are J2EE compliant, the module can be onto any J2EE compliant platform (i.e. it provides platform independence). As an example, one can say that same servlet based application can be deployed and run on Tomcat, WebLogic, WebSphere etc. without any changes.